比较优势理论与农业区域专业化发展——以福建省为例

应用比较优势理论探讨农业区域专业化发展问题。理论推导得出,按照区域农产品生产优势来选建农业专业化部门能够实现农业增效,提高农业生产整体水平。以福建省为例,采用区位商和平均值法分析了主要农产品生产比较优势。结果表明,福建省多数县份的一种或几种农产品具有显著比较优势,农业生产的区域专业化已现端倪。但目前大多数县份主导产品不显著,专业化生产与农业资源禀赋不相协调。按照县域农产品的比较优势创建农业专业化部门,将是福建省解决"三农"问题和协调县域之间经济发展的有效途径。     

经济增长的变化本质

在过去的一个世纪中,富裕国家的经济本质已经发生了巨大的变化。因此,文章提出“技术生理演变(technophysio evolution)”概念,即快速技术变化和人类生理进步的协同作用。这主要表现在以下三个方面：(1)消费结构和工作体闲时间分配的改变;(2)经济和家庭产出分配方面受高水平经济成就的影响;(3)全球市场迅速急剧转向耐用消费品和高科技服务。     

城市密集区人口变动研究——以长江三角洲、珠江三角洲和京津唐地区为例

利用第三、四和五次全国人口普查资料,对长江三角洲、珠江三角洲和京津唐地区人口增长和空间分布的变化过程进行分析.研究表明,自1980年代以来,各城市密集区人口增长速度加快,人口规模不断扩大;空间分布变化幅度大,总的趋势是集中化、不均衡化;人口变动状况具有阶段性差异;外来人口的迁移流入是人口变动的主导因素.在此基础上,探讨了城市密集区发展过程中的人口演化趋势以及人口变动规律,其结论是:城市密集区人口变动遵循逻辑斯蒂增长规律、波动推进规律、圈层扩散与等级扩散规律,人口增长将由高速到低速,人口分布将由集中化迈向相对地均衡化.     

经济增长、结构调整的累积效应与资本形成——当前经济增长态势分析

1990年以来 ,特别是 2 0世纪 90年代中后期 ,中国的经济结构发生了重大调整 :基础设施的投入奠定了城市化的基础 ,工业化在消费和出口的拉动下逐步升级。中国经济增长开始由工业化单引擎发展到工业化与城市化的双引擎。由低价工业化到高价城市化的转化以及与之相应的资金流程与资本形成方式的变化 ,一方面引起近年来中国经济的快速发展 ,另一方面也对未来中国经济的持续增长形成挑战。通过政府体制、金融体系和财税体制的进一步改革 ,完善资源配置方式 ,将是应对挑战、保持中国经济持续增长的保证。     

Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions Over Geography and Integration in Economic Development

We estimate the respective contributions of institutions, geography, and trade in determining income levels around the world, using recently developed instrumental variables for institutions and trade. Our results indicate that the quality of institutions trumps everything else. Once institutions are controlled for, conventional measures of geography have at best weak direct effects on incomes, although they have a strong indirect effect by influencing the quality of institutions. Similarly, once institutions are controlled for, trade is almost always insignificant, and often enters the income equation with the wrong (i.e., negative) sign. We relate our results to recent literature, and where differences exist, trace their origins to choices on samples, specification, and instrumentation.     

Income inequality, democracy and growth reconsidered

Persson and Tabellini (Persson, T., Tabellini, G., 1992a. Growth, distribution and politics. Eur. Econ. Rev. 36, 593–602; Persson, T., Tabellini, G., 1992b. Growth, distribution and politics. In: Cukierman, A., Hercowitz, Z., Leiderman, L. (Eds.), Political Economy, Growth, and Business Cycles. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 3–22; Persson, T., Tabellini, G., 1994. Is inequality harmful for growth? Am. Econ. Rev. 84, 600–621) as well as Alesina and Rodrik (Alesina, A., Rodrik, D., 1992. Distribution, political conflict, and economic growth. In: Cukierman, A., Hercowitz, Z., Leiderman, L. (Eds.), Political Economy, Growth, and Business Cycles. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 23–50; Alesina, A., Rodrik, D., 1994. Distributive politics and economic growth, Q. J. Econ. 109, 465–490) have argued that income inequality reduces economic growth rates among democracies because it promotes distributional struggles. In this paper I question the supportive evidence for a number of reasons. Measures of income distribution and democracy are unreliable and permit only very tentative conclusions. Changes in data sources or recoding of some influential cases affect results. It is questionable whether equality effects on growth apply only within democracies, as a median voter interpretation of this relationship should make one expect. The general idea that distributional struggle hurts the growth prospects of nations, however, receives some empirical support.     

金融发展和经济增长: 来自中国的实证检验

利用时间序列框架内的格兰杰因果分析、协整技术和向量误差修正模型,本文评价1978-2005年间金融发展与经济增长间的数量联系.实证分析发现,控制政府支出和贸易开放度后,金融体系资金运用和金融深度都是经济增长的格兰杰原因,且都与经济增长正相关.而且,基于自回归分布滞后边界检验和向量误差修正模型,本文也实证检验中国股票市场发展与经济增长关系:分别控制政府支出和贸易开放度后,金融市场总融资额是经济增长的原因,而经济增长是股票市场周转率的格兰杰原因.文章最后给出实证结论和简短的政策建议.     

对我国经济增长方式转变的新思考

我国经济增长方式长期存在着由粗放型向集约型转变的困扰,表现为经济增长过度依赖于投入的增加,生产技术水平偏低,劳动者素质结构改善缓慢,经济比例关系没有理顺,产业结构不合理现象突出等。转变增长方式的关键在于增强国内自主创新能力,调整和优化产业结构,以科技进步推动经济增长由低质低效向高质高效的转化,以产业结构的调整和优化保障增长目标的实现。     

浙江省经济增长要素贡献率的实证分析

在浙江省的经济增长过程中,劳动力贡献率是最低的,资金投入量与技术进步贡献率呈现上升趋势。就目前来看,在浙江省的经济发展中,资金投入量是经济增长的主动力,技术进步是经济增长的加速器,而劳动力资源为浙江省的经济增长提供了宽阔的空间。     

Feminist Ecological Economics and Sustainability

Synopsis New developments in feminist ecological economics and ecofeminist economics are contributing to the search for theories and policy approaches to move economies toward sustainability. This paper summarizes work by ecofeminists and feminist ecological economists which is relevant to the sustainability challenge and its implications for the discipline of economics. Both democracy and lower material throughputs are generally seen as basic principles of economic sustainability. Feminist theorists and feminist ecological economists offer many important insights into the conundrum of how to make a democratic and equity-enhancing transition to an economy based on less material throughput. These flow from feminist research on unpaid work and caring labor, provisioning, development, valuation, social reproduction, non-monetized exchange relationships, local economies, redistribution, citizenship, equity-enhancing political institutions, and labor time, as well as creative modeling approaches and activism-based theorizing.